RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION AND IMPACT ON PADDY PRODUCTION: Evidence from West Sumatera-Indonesia

Ismawati, Iis and Mustadjab, Muslich and Hanani, Nuhfil and Syafrial, Syafrial (2018) RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION AND IMPACT ON PADDY PRODUCTION: Evidence from West Sumatera-Indonesia. | I n t e r n a t i o n a l C o n f e r e n c e o f R u r a l D e v e l o p m e n t, 1 (1). pp. 74-87. ISSN 2622-2965

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Abstract

West Sumatra is one of the provinces with high levels of rural-urban migration. Minangkabau as the largest ethnic in this area has long been known to have high mobility levels. Thus migration has become a trademark inherent in this ethnic. Cultural factors become one of the drivers of the population to migrate. This paper offers an overviews of the impact of rural-urban migration on paddy production. For the people of West Sumatera, this commodity is important. In addition to basic food staples, the level of needs is also high. Due to the level of rice consume population of West Sumatra is greater than the national average. So keeping and increasing the availability of paddy becomes a challenge for the agricultural sector in West Sumatra. Using primary data generated through paddy farmer households survey in three villages, the effects of migration on paddy production is estimated by using a two-stage- least-square (2SLS) regression. The results suggest that initially increasing remittances lead to negative effect on paddy production as less labor is available for household paddy cultivation. However, remittances may lead to increase input paddy production such as Sp36 fertilizer. An important finding from this study is migration leads rural household to diversification domestic resources with decreasing on farm activity and increase non-farm activity. Thus due to agriculture is still the major sector of employment and livelihood for rural household, improving this sector is the utmost importance for rural development.

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