Land Suitability Evaluation 3D Method for Mapping the Feasibility of the Gambir Plantation (Uncaria gambir. Roxb) in West Sumatra, Indonesia

Aflizar, Aflizar and Jamaluddin, Jamaluddin and Amrizal, Amrizal (2023) Land Suitability Evaluation 3D Method for Mapping the Feasibility of the Gambir Plantation (Uncaria gambir. Roxb) in West Sumatra, Indonesia. In: AIP Conference Proceedings. :AIP Conference Proceedings.

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Abstract

Efforts to characterize the soil in the Mahat Watershed (MW), Lima Puluh Kota Regency, West Sumatra, Indonesia, have been disclosed in this study for the evaluation of land suitability for sustainable community Gambir plantations because the Mahat watershed supplies 80% of the world's Gambir needs. The method FAO 1976 was used combined with spatial multi-criteria analysis and three-dimensional (3D) mapping. It was found that from 67 soil samples taken in the MW can be grouped into three soil orders namely Ultisols (UT), Inceptisols (IC), and Entisols (EN). This soil develops from a single parent material geology. The Physicochemical properties of the soil were analyzed using standardized methods using AAS and Spectrophotometers and 3D Mapping using the Surfer tool software. Evaluation of soil suitability based on soil sample no.1, 11-14, 18-21, 27-29, 32-34, 36-40, 43-45, 47-50, 57, 60 and no.63-65" moderate suitable "(S2) and soil sample no. 1-7, 9-10, 15-17, 22, 24-26, 52-56, 59, 62 and no, 66-67 in the class" "marginally suitable" (S3). The soil sample no. 23, 30-31, 35, 41-42, 46, 51, 58, 61 in the class “not suitable” (N) for the Gambir plantation in the MW. Based on the analysis of the area of the 3D Map in the MW, it was found that around 1785 ha (10%) of the total MW area in class (S2). An area of 7140 ha (40%) is classified as “marginally suitable” (S3). The area classified as “not suitable” (N) was found to be 8924 ha (50%). However, there was no or (0 ha and 0%) found area in the class “suitable” (S1) due to climatic factors, high soil erosion and degraded soil fertility. Through the application of soil and water conservation practices technology such as flat terraces, credit terraces, mound terraces, bench terraces, garden terraces, mulch and balanced fertilization, Gambir soil suitability class increased to class S2 (55%), to class S3 decrease to be (30%) and Reboisation forest (15%). The FAO method combined with multi-criteria analysis and 3D mapping is very helpful in determining with precision the location of the Gambir plantation in classes S1, S2, S3, N in the MW and very helpful in recommending the application of soil and water conservation practices with specific location.

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